Groundwater represents an Important parameter in the Geotechnical Engineering. Ground water is an important resource to use surface water as raw water source. In transportation projects cuts and terrain changes may affect groundwater level in such a way that it causes changes in the vegetation and the quantity and quality of drinking water in private groundwater wells in adjacent areas. Ground water moves from higher elevations ton lower elevations and from locations of higher pressure to location of lower pressure. Steady groundwater flow (Laplace equation) has been simulated using electrical, elastic and heat conduction analogies.

Hydrology is the study of the movement, distribution, occurrence and quality of water on Earth and other planets, including the hydrologic cycle, water resources and environmental watershed sustainability. A practitioner of hydrology is a hydrologist, working within the fields of earth or environmental science, physical geography, geology or civil and environmental engineering. Hydrology is subdivided into surface hydrology and marine hydrology. Domains of hydrology include hydrometeorology, surface hydrology, hydrogeology, drainage basin management and water quality, where water plays the central role.